The DoD’s Chemical and Biological Defense Program supported this effort. The Defense Department (DoD) developed the product with Rafa, via JPM CBRN Medical’s Advanced Anticonvulsant System (AAS) program team. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Rafa Laboratories, Ltd.’s (Rafa) midazolam injection autoinjector New Drug Application (NDA). Physostigmine is actually used as an antidote in anticholinergic toxicity such as atropine, scopolamine, benztropine, and Atropa belladonna poisoning.Aug– The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense’s (JPEO-CBRND) Joint Project Manager for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical (JPM CBRN Medical) received notice of U.S. The antidotes used in organophosphate poisoning include atropine and pralidoxime. Pharmacists should be familiar with various dosage forms of naloxone as in many states in can be given without a prescription.Īnswer E is incorrect. It has a very short half-life and in some circumstances may be administered in repeat doses or as a continuous intravenous infusion, especially in cases of overdose with either long half-life opiates (methadone) or dosage forms with extended duration of activity such as fentanyl patches or sustained release morphine formulations. It is an opioid antagonist that displaces opioids at opioid receptor sites. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used in overdoses. It is important to keep in mind that using flumazenil for benzodiazepine reversal has an increased risk of seizures and therefore should be only given when absolutely necessary.Īnswer D is correct. It competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex. Flumazenil is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines. While edoxaban (Savaysa) is also a factor Xa inhibitor, andexanet alfa is not FDA-approved to reverse its activity.Īnswer C is correct.
It works by binding the factor Xa inhibitors and also increases tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation. Andexanet alfa is the agent FDA-approved for life-threatening bleeding associated with apixaban (Eliquis) and rivaroxaban (Xarelto), both of which are factor Xa inhibitors. Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment that specifically binds dabigatran and its metabolites. When vitamin K is given IV, it should be administered by slow infusion to minimize risk of anaphylaxis.Īnswer B is incorrect because the reversal agent for dabigatran is idarucizumab (Praxbind). Normally, it is given when INR is > 10 and/or significant bleeding is present. Which of the following correctly matches the drug with its antidote/reversal agent? Select all that apply.īecause warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, phytonadione (vitamin K) can be given as an antidote, making answer A correct.
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